Anti Thyroid Antibodies Panel

TPO is also known as thyroid peroxidase or iodide peroxidase which is an enzyme mainly expressed in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is positioned at the lower part of the neck. TPO is found in the cells of the thyroid follicle where it helps in the production of the thyroid hormones. Its basic function is to oxidize iodide ions to form iodine atoms which assist in the production of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), the thyroid hormones. TPO is an antigenic determinant of autoantibodies in diseases like autoimmune disorders of the thyroid. These antibodies are called as anti-TPO antibodies (anti-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies) which activates complement and might be associated with dysfunction of thyroid and its pathogenesis. To assess these antibodies, Anti-TPO antibody test is carried out.

The anti-thyroglobulin antibody test measures the levels of antibodies produced against thyroglobulin in the body. Thyroglobulin is a protein which is made by the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is small-sized and butterfly-shaped and is located near the base of the throat above the collar bone. The thyroid gland makes T3 and T4 hormones. The role of hormones is to regulate the metabolism of the body. In addition to that, these hormones affect the body’s energy levels, weight, and mood.

In case of conditions where autoantibodies are produced against thyroid gland such as s Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroid disease, the anti-thyroglobulin antibody test is carried out.