Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers
Understanding Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers
What is Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers?
Advanced cardiac risk markers test is a group of laboratory investigations to evaluate parameters that check your heart health. Advanced cardiac risk marker contains tests such as homocysteine, apolipoprotein A, CRP and more. These markers assess your risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the future and make informed health decisions.
What is Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers used for?
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What does Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers measure?
Contains 6 testsFollowing tests are a part of the Advanced cardiac risk markers package:
Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is a protein that plays an important role in the transportation and metabolism of lipids and is the main protein component in high-density lipoprotein. Apo A-I is ordered in someone who has a personal or family history of abnormal lipid levels and/or premature cardiovascular disease. It may be ordered when your doctor is trying to determine the cause of a person's high cholesterol.
The Homocysteine Test measures the levels of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid which at increased levels in the body can damage the inner lining of the blood vessels that increases the chances of blood clot formation. The Homocysteine Test measures the levels of homocysteine in the blood. The Homocysteine Test is performed to screen for heart attack and stroke, especially in people with no known risk factors but with a family history of cardiovascular diseases. This test also detects and diagnoses an inherited disease called homocystinuria in newborns and infants and even detects deficiency of Vitamin B6, B12, or Folic acid.
Apolipoprotein B/ A1 Ratio helps in evaluating your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD); It is also used to monitor treatment for high cholesterol. This test is not widely used for a screening test but may be ordered if a person has a family history of heart disease and/or high cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia).
High sensitive CRP: High sensitive C reactive protein is a test that measures the amount of C reactive protein in the blood. The level of this marker is elevated in cases of inflammation in the body. This test can evaluate your risk of heart diseases such as coronary artery disease.
Lipoprotein-A: This test measures the amount or activity of Lipoprotein in the blood. It helps in determining your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), including your risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke.
Apolipoprotein-B is ordered, when a healthcare practitioner is evaluating someone's risk of developing CVD and when a person has a personal or family history of heart disease and/or abnormal lipid levels, especially when the person has significantly elevated triglyceride levels.
High Sensitive CRP
High-sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) test measures lower levels of CRP in the blood to predict the risk of Cardiovascular diseases and stroke.
Hs-CRP can implicate low level of inflammation. A persistent low level of inflammation can result in a build-up of cholesterol and other lipids and can cause atherosclerosis and narrowing of blood vessels, which is often associated with Cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The hs-CRP test accurately measures low levels of C-reactive protein to identify low but persistent levels of inflammation and thus helps predict a person's risk of developing CVD. High-sensitivity CRP along with lipid profile can be a useful test for screening the risk of CVD, heart attacks, and strokes. Studies have suggested that this test is best suited for people who have a moderate risk of heart attack over the next 10 years.
Therefore, Hs-CRP is generally advised along with other tests such as lipid profile and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) to provide added information about the risk of heart disease.
Know more about High Sensitive CRP
Apolipoprotein - A1
Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio
Homocysteine
The Homocysteine Test measures the levels of homocysteine in the blood.
Homocysteine is an amino acid which is an intermediate in the production of cysteine from methionine. Methionine is obtained from dietary sources, mainly fish, meat, and dairy products, and is converted to homocysteine, and then to cysteine in the body. This conversion from methionine to cysteine is regulated by various enzymes which require Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid to work. Deficiency of these vitamins causes an increase in the levels of homocysteine in the body. Increased homocysteine levels in the blood can be due to a rare genetic disease called homocystinuria, where the enzymes needed for methionine metabolism are dysfunctional.
Increased levels of homocysteine in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, thrombosis (formation of blood clots) in blood vessels, heart attack, and stroke. It has also been implicated in some studies with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Know more about Homocysteine
Apolipoprotein - B
Lipoprotein A
Interpreting Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers results
Interpretations
Lipoprotein (a) helps to determine the risk of heart disease in patients with family history of premature CHD or Stroke, Hypertension, Cigarette smoking, Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, increased levels of LDL and decreased levels of HDL.
High levels of Lp(a) increase risk of heart disease by 2-3 times of normal.
Apolipoprotein A1 is the primary protein associated with HDL Cholesterol. It shows a protective function against heart disease. Increased levels are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Apolipoprotein B is the primary protein associated with LDL Cholesterol and plaque formation. Increased levels are associated with increased risk of heart disease.
The ratio of these two correlates with the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers
Frequently Asked Questions about Advanced Cardiac Risk Markers
Q. Is there any risk associated with this test?
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