Melasma is a common skin condition that is characterized by the appearance of brown to gray-brown patches primarily on the face. It is more common in females and individuals with darker skin tones.
Sun exposure is the most important risk factor for the development of melasma. Hormonal imbalances due to pregnancy, periods, and hormonal contraceptives also stimulate the development of melasma in females.
The basic preventive measures include having a strict sun protection regimen that involves use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen, limiting time in sun, wearing a hat while going out, and using an umbrella.
Several treatment options are available for melasma including topical hydroquinone, which is the mainstay of treatment. However, the management of melasma is challenging due its slow response to treatment and recurrence.
While melasma does not cause any bodily complications, individuals often feel conscious about their facial appearance which can impact their emotional and mental health.
