Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD), refers to the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries (that supply blood to the heart) with plaque-like deposits. Over time, this results in restriction or obstruction of the flow of blood to the heart muscle. This can manifest in the form of chest discomfort (angina), a heart attack (due to sudden total blockage of a coronary artery), slow progress to heart failure, or even sudden death, due to a life-threatening rhythm disturbance.

Family history, advancing age, high blood pressure, an abnormal cholesterol profile, diabetes, obesity, and smoking are the major risk factors for CAD.

Management of CAD includes lifestyle changes like consuming a heart-healthy diet, an exercise regime, and cessation of smoking and alcohol. Medications can help to manage risk factors along with treating the symptoms. Surgery might be advised in severe cases.